
Salvia Divinorum 35x Extract
Always start with a low dose and read our safety guidelines before use.
A concentrated extract of Salvia divinorum standardized to 35 times the natural salvinorin A content. Provides intense but short-duration psychedelic experiences with unique dissociative effects. Available in Dutch smartshops for experienced psychonaut customers.
Overview
Salvia Divinorum 35x Extract represents one of the most potent commercially available preparations of the psychoactive plant Salvia divinorum, a member of the mint family native to the cloud forests of Oaxaca, Mexico. This concentrated extract contains significantly higher levels of salvinorin A, the plant's primary psychoactive compound, than the natural leaf material. The "35x" designation indicates that this extract is theoretically 35 times more concentrated than standard dried Salvia divinorum leaves, though actual potency can vary considerably between manufacturers and batches.
Unlike classical psychedelics such as psilocybin or LSD, Salvia divinorum produces effects through an entirely different mechanism of action, resulting in a unique and often intense psychoactive experience that is typically brief but profound. Users report experiences ranging from subtle perceptual shifts to complete dissociation from ordinary reality, often described as entering alternate dimensions or experiencing fundamental changes in identity and spatial awareness.
The plant has been used traditionally by Mazatec shamans for divination and healing purposes, earning it the name "Diviner's Sage." In modern contexts, people use Salvia divinorum extracts for various reasons including spiritual exploration, consciousness research, therapeutic introspection, and recreational purposes. However, the intensity and unpredictable nature of the experience, particularly with high-concentration extracts like 35x, makes it unsuitable for casual use and requires careful consideration of set, setting, and safety protocols.
The legal status of Salvia divinorum varies globally, with some countries and jurisdictions having implemented restrictions or bans, while others, including the Netherlands, maintain its legal availability in smart shops. This legal accessibility, combined with its unique effects profile, has made Salvia divinorum extracts popular among those seeking legal psychoactive experiences, though this popularity often comes without adequate understanding of the substance's potency and potential risks.
How It Works
Salvia divinorum's primary psychoactive compound, salvinorin A, operates through a mechanism fundamentally different from other known psychedelics. Rather than interacting with serotonin receptors like classical psychedelics, salvinorin A acts as a highly selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist. This unique pharmacological profile places it in a category of its own among psychoactive substances and explains why the Salvia experience differs so dramatically from other psychedelics.
The kappa-opioid receptor system is distributed throughout the brain, with particularly high concentrations in areas responsible for perception, consciousness, and emotional processing. When salvinorin A binds to these receptors, it triggers a cascade of neurochemical changes that can profoundly alter consciousness. Unlike mu-opioid receptors associated with traditional opioids and euphoria, kappa-opioid receptor activation often produces dysphoric effects and can induce dissociative states.
The concentration of salvinorin A in 35x extract means that even small amounts can saturate these receptor sites rapidly, leading to intense and immediate effects. The compound crosses the blood-brain barrier efficiently and begins exerting its effects within seconds when smoked, reaching peak intensity within 1-2 minutes. This rapid onset is due to salvinorin A's high lipophilicity and its ability to quickly access brain tissue.
The neurological effects include disruption of normal sensory processing, alterations in spatial and temporal perception, and changes in self-awareness and identity. Users often report feeling as though they've become inanimate objects, merged with their environment, or entered entirely different realities. These effects likely result from the compound's impact on brain regions involved in constructing our sense of self and our relationship to the external world.
The metabolism of salvinorin A occurs primarily in the liver through enzymatic breakdown, which contributes to the relatively short duration of effects when smoked. However, the intensity of the experience during this brief window can be overwhelming, as the high concentration in 35x extracts can produce effects that are qualitatively different from lower concentrations, not merely stronger versions of the same experience.
What It Looks Like
Salvia Divinorum 35x Extract typically appears as a dark, resinous material that can range in color from deep green to black or dark brown. The extraction process concentrates the plant's active compounds while removing much of the original leaf material, resulting in a substance with a distinctly different appearance from dried Salvia leaves. The texture is often sticky or tar-like when fresh, though it may become more brittle and crumbly when dried or aged.
The extract usually comes packaged in small quantities, commonly 0.5 to 1 gram portions, reflecting both its potency and the small amounts typically used. Packaging often includes foil-lined pouches or small glass vials to protect the extract from light and moisture, which can degrade the active compounds. Reputable vendors typically include detailed labeling with concentration information, batch numbers, and basic safety warnings.
The appearance can vary significantly between manufacturers due to different extraction methods and starting materials. Some extracts may appear more powdery if additional plant material has been added back to improve handling characteristics, while others maintain a more resinous consistency. The color intensity often correlates with concentration, with higher potency extracts generally appearing darker due to the concentration of plant compounds.
Quality 35x extracts should have a distinctive, somewhat bitter herbal aroma characteristic of Salvia divinorum. The smell is often described as earthy or sage-like, though more concentrated than natural leaves. Poor quality extracts may have chemical odors from solvents used in extraction, or may lack the characteristic Salvia aroma entirely, potentially indicating adulteration or degradation.
Adulterants in Salvia extracts are relatively uncommon due to the specialized nature of the product and its legal status in many jurisdictions. However, some unscrupulous vendors may dilute extracts with inactive plant material or misrepresent concentration levels. High-quality extracts should dissolve partially in alcohol and produce the characteristic effects at appropriate dosages, while adulterated products may be less effective or produce unexpected effects.
What to Expect
The Salvia divinorum 35x extract experience is characterized by its rapid onset, intense peak, and relatively short duration, creating what many users describe as one of the most powerful and disorienting psychoactive experiences available. The effects typically begin within 15-60 seconds when smoked, reaching full intensity within 1-2 minutes and generally subsiding within 5-20 minutes, though some residual effects may persist for up to an hour.
The initial onset often catches users off-guard with its speed and intensity. Many report a sudden shift in consciousness that can feel like being pulled or launched into an alternate reality. The transition is frequently described as abrupt rather than gradual, unlike many other psychedelics. Users often report losing awareness of their physical body and immediate environment almost immediately, replaced by vivid, often bizarre alternative perceptions.
During the peak experience, users commonly report complete ego dissolution and loss of normal identity. Many describe becoming inanimate objects such as walls, furniture, or mechanical devices, or feeling as though they've merged with their surroundings. Spatial perception becomes severely distorted, with many users reporting experiences of being flat, stretched, or existing in impossible geometric configurations. Time perception is profoundly altered, with brief experiences feeling like they last hours or even lifetimes.
Visual experiences during Salvia trips are typically different from classical psychedelic visuals. Rather than enhanced colors or geometric patterns overlaying normal vision, users often report complete replacement of visual reality with entirely different scenes or perspectives. These might include childhood memories, impossible landscapes, or experiences of being in completely different locations or time periods. The visuals are often described as more "real" than hallucinations, feeling like genuine alternate realities rather than distortions of current reality.
The emotional tone of Salvia experiences varies widely but often includes elements of confusion, disorientation, and sometimes fear or anxiety, particularly in inexperienced users. The rapid onset and intensity can be overwhelming, leading to panic in unprepared individuals. However, some users report profound spiritual or mystical experiences, feelings of unity with the universe, or insights into the nature of consciousness and reality.
Communication during the peak experience is typically impossible, as users are usually completely absorbed in their alternate reality and may not be aware of external stimuli. Many users report being unable to remember human language or even the concept of being human during the most intense portions of the experience. This complete disconnection from ordinary reality distinguishes Salvia from most other psychoactive substances.
The return to baseline consciousness is often as abrupt as the onset, with users suddenly finding themselves back in ordinary reality, sometimes with little memory of what just occurred. This rapid transition can be disorienting and may leave users feeling confused about what happened or how much time has passed. Integration of the experience can be challenging due to its alien nature and the difficulty of translating the experience into ordinary language or concepts.
Preparation & Consumption
Proper preparation for a Salvia divinorum 35x extract experience requires careful attention to dosage, set and setting, and safety protocols due to the substance's extreme potency and unpredictable effects. The most common and effective method of consumption is smoking, which allows for rapid onset and better dose control compared to other methods. Vaporization is also effective and may be gentler on the lungs while maintaining the rapid onset necessary for the full Salvia experience.
Dosage with 35x extract requires extreme precision due to its concentration. A typical effective dose ranges from 5-20 milligrams of extract, which represents an incredibly small amount that can be difficult to measure accurately without a precision scale capable of measuring to the milligram. Many users start with doses as small as 2-5 milligrams to assess their sensitivity. The difference between a threshold dose and an overwhelming experience can be just a few milligrams, making accurate measurement crucial for safety.
When smoking Salvia extract, users typically place the measured dose in a pipe or bong and apply a flame directly to the material while inhaling slowly and steadily. The extract should be heated to a high temperature to vaporize the salvinorin A effectively. Many users prefer using a torch lighter rather than a standard flame to ensure complete vaporization. The smoke should be held in the lungs for 10-20 seconds to maximize absorption, though this can be challenging due to the harsh nature of the smoke.
Set and setting considerations are particularly crucial for Salvia experiences due to their intense and disorienting nature. The experience should only be undertaken in a safe, comfortable environment where the user cannot injure themselves if they become disoriented or lose awareness of their surroundings. A quiet, dimly lit room with soft surfaces and no hazardous objects is ideal. Many users prefer to lie down on a bed or couch before consuming the extract to prevent falls or injuries.
Having a sober, experienced sitter present is strongly recommended, especially for first-time users or when using higher doses. The sitter should be familiar with Salvia effects and prepared to provide physical safety without interfering with the experience unless necessary. They should ensure the user doesn't injure themselves, remove any smoking materials once the dose is consumed, and provide reassurance during the return to baseline if needed.
Mental preparation involves setting clear intentions for the experience and ensuring the user is in a stable psychological state. Salvia is not recommended for individuals dealing with acute stress, mental health crises, or those seeking recreational entertainment. The experience is often challenging and can be psychologically demanding, requiring a respectful and prepared mindset.
Safety First
Salvia divinorum 35x extract presents several significant safety considerations that users must understand before consumption. The extreme potency of this concentration level means that even small errors in dosing can result in overwhelming and potentially dangerous experiences. The rapid onset and complete dissociation from reality that often occurs can lead to physical injuries if proper precautions are not taken.
Physical safety risks are the most immediate concern with Salvia use. Users frequently lose awareness of their physical body and surroundings during the experience, potentially leading to falls, burns from smoking materials, or other injuries. The disorientation can cause users to stand up suddenly, walk into objects, or attempt to interact with their hallucinated reality in ways that could be dangerous in the physical world. All potential hazards should be removed from the immediate environment, including sharp objects, hot surfaces, stairs, and breakable items.
Psychological safety considerations include the potential for intense fear, panic, or traumatic experiences during the trip. The alien nature of Salvia experiences can be profoundly disturbing, particularly for unprepared users. Individuals with a history of mental health issues, particularly psychosis, dissociative disorders, or severe anxiety, should avoid Salvia entirely. The substance can potentially trigger or exacerbate existing psychological conditions.
Drug interactions with Salvia divinorum are not well-studied, but caution is advised when combining it with other substances. The kappa-opioid receptor activity could potentially interact with other medications affecting the opioid system, including prescription pain medications, addiction treatment drugs like buprenorphine, or other psychoactive substances. Users taking any medications should consult with healthcare providers before using Salvia, though many medical professionals may not be familiar with its specific interactions.
Contraindications include pregnancy and breastfeeding, as the effects of salvinorin A on fetal development are unknown. Individuals with cardiovascular conditions should exercise extreme caution, as the intense psychological effects could potentially trigger cardiac events in susceptible individuals. People with respiratory conditions should be particularly careful with smoking methods of consumption.
The legal status of Salvia divinorum varies by jurisdiction and can change rapidly. Users should verify current local laws before purchasing or using the substance. Even in areas where it remains legal, possession or use in certain contexts (such as while driving) may still result in legal consequences.
Quality and purity concerns are significant with concentrated extracts. Users should only purchase from reputable sources that provide detailed product information and testing results when available. Homemade extracts or products from unknown sources may contain dangerous adulterants or have unpredictable potency levels.
Emergency preparedness should include having contact information for local emergency services readily available and ensuring that sitters know when and how to seek medical help. Signs that may warrant emergency intervention include prolonged unconsciousness, difficulty breathing, signs of serious injury, or psychological distress that persists well beyond the typical duration of effects.
History & Cultural Context
Salvia divinorum has a rich history rooted in the indigenous traditions of the Mazatec people of Oaxaca, Mexico, where it has been used for centuries in shamanic and healing practices. The Mazatecs call the plant "ska María Pastora" (leaves of Mary the Shepherdess) or "ska Pastora," reflecting its sacred status in their spiritual traditions. Traditional use involves consuming fresh leaves through chewing or drinking preparations made from crushed leaves, methods that produce longer-lasting but generally less intense effects than smoking concentrated extracts.
The plant's introduction to Western science occurred in the 1930s when ethnobotanist Jean Basset Johnson first documented its use among the Mazatecs. However, it wasn't until the 1960s that R. Gordon Wasson, the same researcher who brought psilocybin mushrooms to Western attention, provided detailed accounts of Salvia divinorum's effects and traditional use. Wasson's reports sparked scientific interest in the plant, though research remained limited for decades.
The isolation and identification of salvinorin A as the primary psychoactive compound occurred in the 1980s and 1990s through the work of researchers including Alfredo Ortega and Daniel Siebert. This scientific breakthrough revealed Salvia's unique pharmacological profile and distinguished it from all other known psychoactive plants. The discovery that salvinorin A was the first known naturally occurring kappa-opioid receptor agonist with psychoactive properties generated significant scientific interest.
The development of concentrated extracts like 35x preparations represents a modern innovation that diverges significantly from traditional use patterns. These extracts were created to produce more intense effects through smoking, a method that was not part of traditional Mazatec practices. The commercialization of these concentrated forms has raised ethical questions about the appropriation of indigenous plant knowledge and the transformation of a sacred plant into a commercial product.
Internet culture and online communities played a significant role in spreading knowledge about Salvia divinorum in the early 2000s. Video sharing platforms featured numerous recordings of people using Salvia, often highlighting the dramatic and sometimes disturbing nature of the experiences. This exposure led to both increased interest and growing concern about the substance's effects, particularly among young people.
The legal landscape surrounding Salvia divinorum has evolved rapidly since the mid-2000s. Initially legal in most jurisdictions due to its obscurity, the plant and its extracts have faced increasing regulation as awareness of their effects has grown. Various countries and states have implemented restrictions ranging from age limits to complete prohibition, often in response to concerns about youth access and the intensity of effects produced by concentrated extracts.
Cultural perceptions of Salvia divinorum remain divided. Some view it as a valuable tool for consciousness exploration and spiritual development, while others see it as a dangerous drug that produces unpredictable and potentially harmful effects. The scientific community continues to study its unique pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications, while harm reduction advocates emphasize the importance of education and safety protocols for those who choose to use it.
Emergency Guidance
Recognizing and responding to Salvia divinorum emergencies requires understanding both the typical course of effects and the signs that indicate when professional medical intervention may be necessary. Most Salvia experiences, even intense ones, resolve naturally within 20-30 minutes without requiring medical attention. However, the substance's powerful effects and potential for causing injury during the disoriented state make emergency preparedness essential.
Physical emergencies are the most common serious complications associated with Salvia use. These typically result from users injuring themselves while disoriented rather than from direct toxic effects of the substance. Signs requiring immediate attention include unconsciousness lasting more than a few minutes after effects should have subsided, difficulty breathing, signs of serious injury such as bleeding or suspected fractures, or any indication of burns from smoking materials. In these situations, emergency medical services should be contacted immediately.
Psychological emergencies may manifest as extreme panic, persistent disorientation lasting well beyond the typical duration of effects, or signs of serious psychological distress that don't improve as the substance's effects wear off. While intense fear during the experience is common and usually resolves quickly, prolonged anxiety, paranoia, or disconnection from reality that persists for hours after use may indicate a need for professional evaluation.
When calling emergency services, provide clear, honest information about what substance was used and when. Medical professionals need accurate information to provide appropriate care, and most jurisdictions have protections for individuals seeking emergency medical help for drug-related issues. Mention that Salvia divinorum was used, the approximate dose if known, the time of consumption, and describe the current symptoms or concerns.
Immediate support measures for someone having a difficult Salvia experience include ensuring their physical safety by gently preventing them from moving around if they appear disoriented, removing any potential hazards from their immediate area, and speaking in calm, reassuring tones even if they don't appear to be responding. Avoid restraining the person unless absolutely necessary to prevent injury, as physical restraint can increase panic and agitation.
For psychological distress during or after the experience, provide reassurance that the effects are temporary and will pass. Help ground the person by reminding them of their identity, location, and the current time. Encourage slow, deep breathing and help them focus on their immediate physical sensations as they return to baseline awareness. Having a familiar, trusted person present can be particularly helpful during the recovery period.
Post-experience support may be necessary for individuals who have had particularly challenging or traumatic Salvia experiences. Some users report lasting anxiety or disturbing memories from intense trips. Encourage discussion of the experience with trusted friends, consideration of professional counseling if distress persists, and avoidance of further psychoactive substance use until they have fully processed the experience. Integration support from experienced users or harm reduction organizations can also be valuable for processing difficult experiences and preventing future problems.
Legal Status in NL
Legal
Available in 160 shops across 61 cities. Most shops in Amsterdam (28), Rotterdam (13), Groningen (9).
Dosage Guide
Experience Timeline
Effect Profile
Positive Effects
Side Effects
Safety & Harm Reduction
Harm Reduction Tips
- Always have a sober, experienced sitter present due to the intense and disorienting nature of the experience
- Use in a completely safe environment free from stairs, sharp objects, or other hazards
- Start with extremely small amounts (2-5mg) as 35x extract is highly concentrated
- Sit or lie down before smoking as effects begin within seconds and can cause immediate loss of motor control
- Use a torch lighter or high-temperature flame as regular lighters may not vaporize the extract effectively
- Clear your schedule for at least 2 hours to allow for full recovery and integration
- Avoid mixing with other substances, especially alcohol or depressants
- Have water available but avoid drinking during the peak due to potential choking risk
- Research legal status in your area as salvia laws vary significantly by jurisdiction
- Consider starting with lower concentration extracts or plain leaf before trying 35x
Emergency Information
If someone experiences extreme distress, ensure they are in a safe environment away from hazards and provide calm reassurance that effects are temporary. Do not attempt to physically restrain someone experiencing salvia effects unless absolutely necessary for safety. Call emergency services if breathing becomes compromised or if the person remains unresponsive after 30 minutes.
Interactions
AlcoholCaution
CannabisCaution
MAOIsCaution
StimulantsCaution
BenzodiazepinesCaution
Other PsychedelicsCaution
OpioidsCaution
SSRIs/SNRIsSafe
Experience Levels
For newcomers to Salvia 35x extract, the experience can be absolutely overwhelming and unlike any other psychedelic. Even with the smallest possible dose (0.1 grams), expect complete disconnection from your normal sense of self and reality within seconds of consumption. Many first-time users report feeling like they've been transported to entirely different dimensions, merged with inanimate objects, or experienced life as completely different entities. The intensity often includes powerful physical sensations like feeling pulled or twisted, accompanied by vivid visual hallucinations that can be beautiful or terrifying. Time perception becomes completely distorted - seconds can feel like hours or lifetimes. The rapid onset leaves no time for gradual adjustment, making the experience jarring for unprepared users. Physical coordination disappears entirely, making a sitter absolutely essential for safety. Many beginners find the experience so intense that they question whether they'll ever return to normal reality, though this fear passes as effects subside. The short duration means that even overwhelming experiences resolve within 15-20 minutes, but the psychological impact can last much longer as you process what occurred.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Salvia Divinorum 35x Extract legal in the Netherlands?▾
Yes, Salvia divinorum and its extracts are completely legal in the Netherlands. You can purchase, possess, and use 35x extract without any legal concerns. However, always check current regulations as laws can change.
What is the recommended dosage for 35x extract?▾
Start with 0.1-0.2 grams for your first experience. The 35x concentration means this extract is extremely potent - 35 times stronger than plain leaf. Even experienced users should start low, as the intensity can be overwhelming. Use a precise scale for accurate measurement.
How long does a Salvia 35x experience last?▾
The peak effects typically last 5-15 minutes when smoked, with a gradual return to baseline over 30-60 minutes total. Despite the short duration, the experience can feel much longer subjectively due to the intense altered perception of time.
What should I expect from my first 35x experience?▾
Expect intense visual and sensory distortions, possible out-of-body sensations, and complete disconnection from ordinary reality. Many users report feeling like they're merging with objects or experiencing alternate realities. The experience can be disorienting and should only be attempted with a sober sitter present.
Is it safe to combine Salvia 35x with other substances?▾
No, avoid combining Salvia with any other psychoactive substances including alcohol, cannabis, or medications. The unpredictable nature of Salvia makes combinations potentially dangerous. Always use Salvia on its own and ensure you're in good mental and physical health.
Where can I buy Salvia 35x extract in the Netherlands?▾
You can purchase 35x extract from licensed smartshops throughout the Netherlands, both in physical stores and online. Reputable shops will provide proper dosage information and safety guidelines. Always buy from established vendors to ensure product quality and authenticity.
Can I travel with Salvia 35x extract?▾
While legal in the Netherlands, Salvia is illegal in many countries including Belgium, Germany, and several US states. Never travel internationally with Salvia products as this could result in serious legal consequences. Check destination laws thoroughly before any travel.
What preparation is needed before using 35x extract?▾
Ensure you have a completely safe environment, a trusted sober sitter, and no responsibilities for several hours. Remove any dangerous objects from the area and prepare a comfortable space to lie down. Mental preparation is crucial - approach with respect and clear intentions.
How does 35x extract compare to regular Salvia leaf?▾
The 35x extract is 35 times more concentrated than plain dried leaf, making it extremely potent. While plain leaf might require larger amounts and produce milder effects, 35x extract delivers intense experiences with tiny doses. The extract is much more suitable for breakthrough experiences.
What are the main risks of using Salvia 35x?▾
Primary risks include physical injury during the experience due to loss of coordination and awareness. Psychological risks include intense anxiety, panic, or lasting confusion in sensitive individuals. The unpredictable nature means some people may have frightening or traumatic experiences.
How should I consume 35x extract safely?▾
Smoking is the most common method, using a pipe or bong with a torch lighter for complete vaporization. Ensure you're sitting or lying down before consumption as effects begin within seconds. Have your sitter ready to safely guide you through the experience.
Who should avoid using Salvia 35x extract?▾
Avoid if you have any history of mental health issues, heart conditions, or are taking medications. Pregnant or nursing women should not use Salvia. Those under 21 or without prior psychedelic experience should also avoid this potent extract.
How often can I safely use 35x extract?▾
Salvia is not physically addictive, but frequent use can lead to psychological habituation. Most experienced users recommend waiting at least several weeks between sessions to properly integrate experiences. The intensity of 35x extract particularly warrants respectful, infrequent use.
What should I do if someone has a difficult experience?▾
Stay calm and provide gentle, reassuring presence without trying to bring them back to reality forcefully. Ensure their physical safety by preventing falls or injuries. The experience will pass quickly - most difficult trips resolve within 15-20 minutes naturally.
How does Salvia 35x compare to psilocybin truffles?▾
Salvia 35x produces much more intense, shorter experiences compared to truffles' gentler, longer journeys. While truffles offer 4-6 hours of gradual exploration, Salvia delivers immediate, overwhelming altered states lasting minutes. Truffles are generally considered more beginner-friendly and predictable.
How It Compares — Salvia Divinorum 35x Extract
| Dimension | Salvia Divinorum 35x Extract | Psilocybin Truffles | Salvia Divinorum (Plain Leaf) | LSA (Morning Glory Seeds) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intensity | 9/10 | 7/10 | 6-9/10 | 6/10 |
| Duration | 5-30 minutes | 4-6 hours | — | 6-10 hours |
| Onset Time | 30 seconds | 30-60 minutes | — | 1-2 hours |
| Legal Status NL | Legal | Legal | — | — |
| Risk Profile | High psychological risk | Moderate risk | — | — |
| Best For | Intense breakthrough experiences | Gradual exploration | — | — |
| Availability | Smartshops | Smartshops | — | — |
Related Searches
References
- Roth BL, Baner K, Westkaemper R, Siebert D, Rice KC, Steinberg S, Ernsberger P, Rothman RB. Salvinorin A: a potent naturally occurring nonnitrogenous kappa opioid selective agonist · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · 2002doi:10.1073/pnas.182234399
- Chavkin C, Sud S, Jin W, Stewart J, Zjawiony JK, Siebert DJ, Toth BA, Hufeisen SJ, Roth BL. Salvinorin A, an active component of the hallucinogenic sage Salvia divinorum is a highly efficacious kappa-opioid receptor agonist: structural and functional considerations · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · 2004doi:10.1124/jpet.104.065946
- Siebert DJ. Salvia divinorum: clinical and research potential · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · 1994doi:10.1016/0378-8741(94)90047-7
- Johnson MW, MacLean KA, Reissig CJ, Prisinzano TE, Griffiths RR. Human psychopharmacology and dose-effects of salvinorin A, a kappa opioid agonist hallucinogen present in the plant Salvia divinorum · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · 2011doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.02.005
- Prisinzano TE, Tidgewell K, Harding WW. Salvinorin A analogs and other kappa-opioid receptor compounds as treatments for cocaine abuse · Life Sciences · 2005doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2005.04.069
- Cunningham CW, Rothman RB, Prisinzano TE. Salvia divinorum and salvinorin A: new pharmacologic findings · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · 2011doi:10.1124/jpet.111.179853
- Addy PH, Garcia-Romeu A, Metzger M, Wade J. Subjective effects of salvinorin A in humans · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · 2015doi:10.1080/02791072.2015.1026929
- Bruchas MR, Land BB, Chavkin C. Kappa opioid receptor signaling and brain reward function · Brain Research Reviews · 2010doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2009.09.008
Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before using any substance. If you experience adverse effects, contact your doctor or call 112 (Netherlands emergency).