Is DMT/Ayahuasca Legal in the Netherlands?

DMT is listed as a List I substance in the Opium Act. However, ayahuasca ceremonies take place in the Netherlands in a legal gray area. In 2019, the Amsterdam Court of Appeal ruled that the religious use of ayahuasca could be protected under freedom of religion, though this varies by case.

Relevant Law

Opiumwet List I; Religious freedom jurisprudence